记忆的收藏家与时间星丛——晚期本雅明的历史哲学

The Memory Collector and the Constellation of Time:The Later History Philosophy of Walter Benjamin

历史哲学是本雅明哲学的核心议题之一。为批判启蒙现代性所制造的进步论时间幻觉,本雅明提出了倚重记忆的时间辩证法,并将其命名为"停顿的辩证法",它使一味朝向未来发展的历史由于记忆的牵引而停顿下来,世界在停顿下来的当下即被救赎。而且,本雅明从记忆的伦理属性出发,批判了胜利者的历史。作为收藏家的历史学家,其任务就是救赎被遗忘的祖先和历史碎片,同时又对当下历史提出新的要求,通过释放出记忆中的乌托邦梦想,救赎每一个人,尤其是处于边缘的失败者和被压抑者。

One of the core issues of Walter Benjamin is history philosophy.To criticize the illusion of progressive time produced by the modernity of enlightenment,Walter Benjamin raised the time dialectic that relied on memory,and named it as 'dialectic at a standstill'.This concept stopped the history that went toward the future blindly because of memory,the world was redeemed when it stopped.Meanwhile,according to the ethics of memory,he criticized the history of victors.The task of a historian as a collector was to rescue the ancestors who had been forgotten as well as the fragments of history,put forward new demands for the present history,and release the imagination of Utopia in memory to redeem every person,especially the losers and the depressed ones.