试论安萨里的知识论——以《宗教学的复兴》为中心

Ghazali’s Theory of Knowledge in Renewal of Religious Knowledge

安萨里的《宗教学的复兴》是一本重要的伊斯兰理论典籍,在伊斯兰历史上产生了极其重要的影响。安萨里在这本名著中从不同角度和层面对知识进行了分类和论证。他首先把知识分为"实践知识"和"境界知识",然后把"实践知识"分为外部知识和内部知识,外部知识和内部知识又各自衍生为两种,这样就形成了独具特色的几何体划分格局。他的知识论具有鲜明的原创性特点,极大地影响了后来穆斯林对知识结构的认知,为伊斯兰各学科的发展指明了方向,同时也为苏菲学的学科化和体系化奠定了理论基础。

Muhammad al-Ghazali classified and analyzed knowledge from different angles in his famous book Renew- al of Religious Knowledge. At first, he divides knowledge into practical knowledge and peak one and then subdivides the practical knowledge into outer knowledge and inner knowledge which can further produce two types, respectively. This is the special geometric structuration of knowledge. Very innovative, his theory of knowledge affected Muslim＇s cognition of knowledge structure, set the development direction for Islamic knowledge, and laid the theoretical founda- tion for the diseiplinization and systematization of Sufism at the same time.