传统技能、学校教育与家庭收入——基于一个回族村庄的实地研究

Traditional Skills, Schooling and Household Income: Based on the Field Research in a Hui Village

本文基于对一个回族村庄生计传统变迁的实地调查,探讨了教育与收入之间的关联机制。改革初期,该村凭借传统的皮毛加工技艺进入到一个全国性的皮革市场,并由此致富。但由于这一技艺是从实践中习得的,与学校教育并不相关,所以此一时期教育对于收入并无影响。改革后期,传统生产转变为机械化工厂生产,该村也与国际皮革市场关联起来,因此,教育开始对收入发生正面影响。但由于经营机制仍依赖家族式的传统分工,这种影响不是发生在个人身上而是发生在家庭层次。文章在此基础上指出,以往研究中识别出的影响两者关系的理论要素,如技能、职业和制度因素,需要放到情境性条件下作检验。

The article inquired into the correlation mechanism of education and income through the field research of the change of the livelihood tradition in a Hui village. In early stages of the Reform, the village entered into a national market of leather with traditional fur processing techniques and became rich. However, this skill was learned not from schooling but from practice, therefore, schooling had no effect on income in this period. At the late stages of the Reform, this village was also associated with the international leather market with the change of the traditional techniques into the mechanized production. Hence, schooling began to have positive effects on income. However, because the operating mechanism of the fur production was still dependent on the traditional family＇s division of labor, unpredictably, this ef- fect was not on the individual level but on the household one. On the basis of this, theoretical elements affecting the re- lationship between schooling and income such as skills, professional and institutional factors which have been pointed out in previous studies need to be tested in situational contexts.