异细胞质在八倍体小黑麦育种上利用的研究

Study of the Utilization of Alien Cytoplasm in the Breeding of Octoploid Triticale

利用 15个异细胞质中国春及对照中国春分别与黑麦杂交 ,结实率有所不同 ,出苗率差异显著 ,异细胞质对 F1减数分裂中期 染色体配对有影响 ,Ae.sharonesie和 Ae.bicornis细胞质分别促进和抑制中国春与黑麦 F1部分同源染色体配对 .用八倍体小黑麦回交 F1,回交结实率差异显著 ,t检验表明 ,异细胞质对 F1产生有功能雌配子有影响 ,Ae.crassa细胞质诱发雄蕊雌化 .继续用八倍体小黑麦回交 ,得到 4种异细胞质八倍体小黑麦 ,细胞学观察表明 :减数分裂不稳定 ,多价体明显增多 .利用 Ae.juvenalis,T.timopheevi等

Wheat variety“Chinese Spring”with different alien cytoplasms were crossed with rye,and their F 1 were crossed with stable octoploid triticale.Small differences in seed set ratio,significant difference in emergence ratio and plumpness of kernel among different lines of alloplasmic F 1,BC 1and BC 2 were observed.Four lines of alloplasmic octoploid triticale were made in BC 2.Different cytoplasms effects the homologous chromosome pairing as shown by Chiasma frequency in F 1 at metaphase of first meiotic division and on producing active female gamete as shown by backcrossing seed set rate with stable octoploid triticale.The results indicated that transferring of desirable genes from rye to Chinese Spring with timopheevi and jurenalis alloplasmes is feasible.In BC 2(alloplasmic octoploid triticale lines),one or more univalents were observed in PMC S at metaphaseⅠ of meiosis,indicating their meiosis were unstable.