农业产业链新特征背景的主体利益：奶业与种业

The Benefit of the Principal Part on the Context of Agricultural Industrial Chain with New Characteristics: Dairy and Seed Industry

现代农业的发展趋势是打造从源头到餐桌的全产业链,全程控制链的效益、产出和安全性。这里借助产业链、价值链及其治理理论,以我国奶业和种业产业链为研究案例,论证我国农业产业链一般呈倒偏"U"型;尽管农户是农业产业链的源头,但农户也是产业链上权力等级最弱和价值获得最少的利益主体;大型农产品企业在各自产业链上具有治理能力。为营造和谐农业产业链,从源头上控制农产品质量安全、提高农民收入,应以大型农业加工销售企业为核心协调产业链上各主体间利益关系。重要的是保证农业产业链源头——农民的利益。

The development trend of modem agriculture is to form an integrated industry chain from food source to table, meanwhile to control benefit,output and safety of the whole chain. Based on the theories of value-chain, industry-chain and governance structure, the authors analyze China/s dairy and seed industry, finds that generally the agricultural industry chain in China is an inverted partial ＂U＂ shape. Though in the agricultural industry chain, the household is the source, but it is also the weakest part on the hierarchy of power and obtains the least value in the industry chain profit. But compared with the small households, big agro-businesses have advantage in agricultural industry chain governance. Therefore, to form a harmonious environment for agricultural industry chain, to control the quality and ensure the safety of agricultural products from the source, the authors propose that take large-scale agricultural processing and marketing enterprises as central, coordinate interest relationships of different parts in agricultural industry chain. The most important thing is to ensure the sources＇ interests, which are the small households＇ interests.