不同沙棘品种雌雄株叶片解剖结构及抗旱性比较

Comparison in leaf anatomical structure and drought resistance of different sex and varieties of sea buckthorn

为明确不同沙棘品种抗旱性,选取6个沙棘品种雌雄株叶片,采用石蜡切片方法,对叶片角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、栅海比、叶片组织结构紧密度、叶片组织结构疏松度等指标进行观察比较。结果表明:以上9个指标均呈现明显的抗旱特征,且雌雄株均存在显著种间差异;雌株叶片角质层厚度和栅栏组织厚度变化幅度较大,雄株栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和叶片厚度的变异系数较大,均在20%以上;雌株筛选出栅栏组织厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片组织结构疏松度5个抗旱指标,按照隶属函数值法对6种雌性沙棘控水能力进行综合评价,抗旱顺序为浑金>丘依斯克×中国沙棘>中国沙棘>楚伊>太阳>乌兰格木×中国沙棘;雄株以栅海比、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片组织结构疏松度为抗旱指标,得到5种雄性沙棘抗旱顺序为丘依斯克×中国沙棘>楚伊>乌兰格木×中国沙棘>浑金>中国沙棘。

Leaf indexes of six sea buckthorn varieties were analyzed based on paraffin section for the purpose of investigating drought resistance, including the cuticle thickness of leaves, upper and lower epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, thickness of spongy tissue, leaf thickness, ration of palisade/ spongy, tightness and looseness of leaf tissue structure, etc. Our results indicated that the foregoing indexes showed conspicuous drought resistant, and significant difference existed between male and female individuals respectively. The female cuticle thickness and palisade tissue thickness varied largely while the male palisade tissue thickness, thickness of spongy tissue and leaf thickness had relatively high coefficients of variation, all above 20%. The female palisade tissue thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, thickness of spongy tissue and tissue structure loose ratio （SR） were selected to evaluate the water control capability of six sea buckthorn varieties comprehensively according to subordinate function value method. The order of drought resistance for six female sea buckthorn was Hunjin 〉 Qiuyisike x Zhongguoshaji 〉 Zhongguoshaji 〉 Chuyi 〉 Taiyang 〉 Wulangemu x Zhongguoshaji. Leaf tissue structure tense ratio （CTR）, lower epidermis thickness, thickness of palisade tissue and SR were selected as male drought resistance indexes, and the order of drought resistance for male sea buckthorn was Qiuyisike x Zhongguoshaji 〉 Chuyi 〉 Wulangemu x Zhongguoshaji 〉 Hunjin 〉 Zhongguoshaji.