二甲双胍在肿瘤治疗基础研究中的进展

Progress of Metformin in the Research of Cancer Therapy

二甲双胍是治疗2型糖尿病的一线药物。临床流行病学研究发现在2型糖尿病患者中,相较于胰岛素及其他口服降糖药物治疗组,二甲双胍治疗组的恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率均显著降低。同时,基础研究证实在体外培养细胞及体内动物模型中二甲双胍可抑制多种恶性肿瘤细胞的生长。其可能的机制为调节体内胰岛素/IGF-1轴间接抑制肿瘤生长;直接作用于肿瘤细胞并抑制其生长。这些结果提示二甲双胍具有抗肿瘤的作用,可能成为恶性肿瘤辅助治疗的新手段之一。

Metformin is the first-line agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （DM）. Several clinical epidemiological studies have recently reported the reduced incidence of cancer and cancer mortality rate in type 2 DM patients treated with metformin compared with those treated with insulin or other oral antidiabetic agents. Laboratory studies have shown that metformin inhibits the growth of several types of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Metformin possibly targets the insulin/IGF-1 axis and indirectly inhibits cancer cell growth. In addition, metformin directly inhibits the growth of cancer cells. These results suggest that metformin has anti-cancer effect and may be used as a new adjuvant therapy drug.