无意识加工对创造性问题解决的促进效应

Effects of Unconscious Processing on Creativity Problems Solving

以远距离联想测验(RAT)和字谜作为实验材料,采用改进的掩蔽启动实验范式,探讨无意识加工对创造性问题解决的影响。结果发现:(1)无论是完成远距离联想任务还是字谜任务,被试在启动和无启动条件下的正确率均无显著差异;(2)在两类任务下,对于高难度的创造性问题,启动条件下的正确率显著高于无启动条件。对于低难度的创造性问题,启动条件下RAT的正确率显著低于无启动条件,字谜的正确率在两种条件下无显著差异;(3)随着创造性问题难度降低,无意识信息的促进效应逐渐减小,对于低难度的创造性问题,无意识信息反而会起到抑制作用。这表明,无意识加工对随后的创造性问题解决过程具有促进效应,而且这种效应只有在解决高难度的创造性问题时才会体现。

To explore the effects of unconscious processing on creativity problems solving, we selected remote associates test （RAT） and logogriph of Chinese characters as the materials and adopted the revised masked prime paradigm in the study. The results showed that： 1 ） the accuracy rate was not significant between priming and no-priming groups in both materials. 2） As high difficult problems, the accuracy rate was significantly higher for priming group than no-priming group in both materials. But for the low difficult problems, the accuracy rate of RAT for the priming groups was significantly lower than no-priming group, though it was not significant in the logogriph of Chinese characters. 3） For the creativity problems, with the reduction of the difficulty, the facilitation effect of priming process will gradually weaken, and there will be inhibition for the low difficulty problems. These results showed that a clear dissociable contribution of unconscious priming on creativity problems solving, and this facilitation effect will appear only if the high difficult creativity problems are solved.