环境保护与资格刑的扩张

Environment Protection and Expansion of Qualification Penalty

资格刑通过剥夺环境犯罪人一定的资格或权利,从根本上剥夺了其再次实施环境犯罪的能力,既较为有效地实现了特殊预防,又进一步提高了违法成本,增强了刑罚的威慑功能,从而强化了环境犯罪的一般预防。而资格刑所独具的多样性、非物质性与可恢复性等特征,也使其对于经济犯罪、环境犯罪、腐败犯罪等特殊的犯罪类型具有独特的惩戒与预防功效。因此,结合当代刑罚的发展趋势、国外立法经验及我国环境保护的需要,有必要在环境刑法中扩张资格刑的适用,以使其与财产刑、自由刑一起在法的最后保障层面构筑起保护环境的三角形支撑。

Through deprivation of a certain qualification and right of environmental criminals,qualification penalty can basically deprive ability to carry out environmental crime again,not only to implement special prevention effectively,but also to strengthen general prevention through improving illegal cost and deterrent function of punishment.Owing to its unique characteristics of diversity,non-material and recoverability,qualification penalty has special warning and prevention effect towards economic crime,environmental crime,corruption crime and so on.Therefore,combined with development trend of the contemporary penalty,legislative experiences of foreign countries and need of environmental protection in China,it is necessary to expand application of qualification penalty in environmental criminal law,and finally make it,together with property penalty and freedom penalty,construct triangle support of protecting environment at last level of legal protection.