现代中国经济学基本原理及学科形态创新研究

A Research on the Basic Principles and Principle Innovation in Modern Chinese Economics

近代至现代时期,国际国内已发生了两个"社会转型"的根本性变化。以此为新的社会背景和历史条件,现代中国经济学基础理论及学科形态开始面临两大课题:一是处于源头上的马克思经济学如何"坚持与创新"的前提问题,二是我们的学科模式怎样"改革与开放"的衔接问题。探索并解决此类基本问题,将会让我们获得某个"杠杆支点"或"开放出口",这既利于满足现代社会主义的物化实践需要,又利于推动中国经济学走向世界的步伐。本文根据两个"社会转型"的客观实际,推导、论证《资本论》的商品两因素分析将发生重大变化并获得相应进展,由此深化马克思经济学的分析基本点。建筑其上的现代中国经济学及政治经济学的系列概念、原理、规律及学科形态也将发生微妙变化,它们涉及对价值、剩余价值、使用价值、交换价值、质量价值、数量价值等的重新定位,和对资本本原、本质、构成及过程的扩大化认识与论证。

From modern to contemporary eras, two fundamental ＂ social transformations＂ have taken place in both international and domestic contexts. The basic theories and principle construction modes in modern Chinese economies are accordingly faced up with two fundamental problems, against these new social backgrounds and historical conditions. The first one is the premise that how Marxist economics, as the source theory, carries out ＂adherence and innovation＂. The second one is how to make our principle modes in conformity with the ＂ Reform and Opening - up＂ policy. Explorations and solutions to these fundamental problems offer us a ＂lever support point＂ or an ＂open outlaying＂. This satisfies the physical practice needs of modern socialism, and pushes Chinese economics forward onto the world stage. Based on the objective situations of the two ＂ social transformations＂ , this paper argues and verifies that the two factors involved in commodities as discussed in Das Kapital will experience great changes and make corresponding progresses, which in turn deepens the basic analysis point of Marxist economics. On this basis, the series of concepts, principles, rules and principle modes in modem Chinese economics and political economics will make corresponding and subtle changes. These changes are related to a re - evaluation of relevant concepts, covering value, surplus value, utility value, exchange value, quality value, as well as quantity value, and to the understanding and argumentation on capital structure, its core nature, constitution and its expansion process.