唐宋笔记小说中灵验记的文化意蕴

Cultural Implications of Miraculous Stories in Sketchbooks in Tang and Song Dynasties

伴随着佛教、道教的传播和发展,魏晋以来中国文学小说的母题呈现出新气象,在文学情节、主题、意蕴等方面也呈现出前所未有的新内容。唐宋以来,随着儒释道三家文化不断融合,唐宋笔记小说中所展现的中国文学内容上也达到了顶峰,特别是一系列的灵验记集中展现了中国传统文化在民间的发展趋向,进而展现出佛教文学的核心内容。同时,灵验记又是中国化传统信仰,特别是以宗法制传统宗教为核心,杂糅佛教、道教以及其它民俗信仰的文化形态。灵验记贯穿的核心内容是已经定型的基本主题同民族心理、风俗习惯、文化传统的互动,主要揭示了佛教受众的过程,其文化意蕴具有深厚的历史积淀。

With the spread and development of Buddhism and Taism, some new motifs appeared in fiction since the Wei and Jin Period. Some unprecedented new contents emerged in the literary plots, themes and implications. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the continuous integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the literary contents of sketchbooks in Tang and Song Dy- nasties reached a summit, especially, a series of miraculous stories show the developing trend of the Chinese culture in the local areas, and then reveals the core content of Buddhist literature. Mean- while, miraculous stories reflect the traditional Chinese beliefs, which take patriarchal traditional reli- gion as its core and integrates Buddhism, Taoism and other folk beliefs. The core content of miracu- lous stories is the interaction between the stereotyped basic themes and national psychology, folkways and cultural tradition. Miraculous stories reveal the course of how Buddhism was accepted by its be- lievers and they are very rich in cultural and historical implications.