北洋政府教育部与国家教育主权的回收

On the Ministry of Education of the Defunct Beiyang Government and the Reclamation of National Educational Sovereignty

教会学校在近代中国的存在和发展是半殖民地社会性质在教育文化领域的集中体现,收回教育主权成为中国教育近代化的应有之义。北洋政府时期,教育部为之做出了系列努力,先是派员赴日考察寻求对策及进行相关视察和统计,再是颁布一系列措施推进教会学校注册,最后在收回教育权运动大潮中出台《外人捐资设学认可办法》而加速了运动进程。受制于半殖民地的国际地位及国内政治、经济、文化等领域的复杂变化,教育部收回教育主权的努力存在着态度被动、措施不力、成效不彰等缺陷,反映了这一时期中央政府层面收回教育主权方面的不自觉一面,与民间的强硬立场有着明显不同。

The emergence and development of missionary schools in modern China was a prominent reflection of the semi-colonial quality of the then Chinese society in educational and cultural domains.Therefore,it became an urgent mission for authorities to reclaim China＇s educational sovereignty before putting China＇s education on track toward modernization.To this end,the Ministry of Education of the defunct Beiyang Government had made a series of efforts by first sending officials to Japan on an inspection tour to seek referential measures,then enacting a series of regulations to promote the registration of missionary schools,and finally promulgating the Method for Approval of Establishing Schools with Foreign Donations amid surging public demands for reclamation of China＇s educational sovereignty.However,due to a series of constraints such as China＇s semi-colonial international status,the volatile political,economic and cultural changes domestically,the passivity and inefficiency of the authorities and so on and so forth,the efforts made by the Ministry of Education of the then Beiyang Government proved of little avail.The inactive attitude on the part of the central government toward reclaiming China＇s national educational sovereignty was sharply contrastive to the tough stance on the matter of the general public.