教育柔性化及其对学生体质与健康的负面影响

Education development towards flexible education and its negative effects on students’ constitution and health

"刚-柔"是教育的基本维度,理想的教育模式是"刚柔并济"。"刚性教育"是一种尚武、制欲、以社为本的教育模式,而"柔性教育"是一种重文、顺欲、以人为本的教育模式。"刚性教育"与"柔性教育"被作为一对理想类型使用,实际的教育模式总是复合的。教育模式成效的好坏并不仅取决于"刚性教育"或"柔性教育"的自身特质,还要看教育子系统与社会大环境的耦合情况。教育柔性化并不单指从"刚性教育"向"柔性教育"的倾斜,更强调教育在"柔性"文化主导的时代采取顺应和迎合"柔性教育"模式(而不是采取"刚性教育"模式进行引领或救治)的过程。教育柔性化表现在教育价值"消费化"、教育环境"温室化"、教育手段"轻快化"和教师职业"女性化"等各个方面,这些变异都会对学生的体质与健康造成消极影响。

＂Rigid-flexible＂ are basic dimensions of education; an ideal education mode should be ＂rigid and flexible＂. ＂Rigid education＂ is a fighting worshipped, desire controlled, society oriented education mode, while ＂rigid education＂ is a culture valued, desire obeyed, people oriented education mode. ＂Rigid education＂ and ＂flexible education＂ are used as a pair of ＂ideal types＂, yet the actual education mode is always complex. The result of the education mode depends not only on the characteristics of ＂rigid education＂ or ＂flexible education＂ itself, but also on the coupling of education subsystems with the general social environment. Education development towards flexible education not only refers to the tilting from ＂rigid education＂ towards ＂flexible education＂, but also emphasizes the process of education adopting a complying and catering ＂flexible education＂ mode （in stead of adopting a ＂rigid education＂ mode for guiding or rescuing） in an era dominated by ＂flexible＂ culture. Education development towards flexible education embodies in various aspects such as educational value becoming ＂consumable education＂, educational environment becoming a ＂greenhouse environment＂, educational means becoming ＂handy＂, and teacher occupation becoming ＂feminized＂; all these changes will produce negative effects on students＇ constitution and health.