迈克尔逊干涉仪调节白光干涉条纹的实验研究

Experimental Study on Adjustment of White Light Interference Streaks by Using Michelson Interferometer

在应用迈克尔逊干涉仪所做的一些精密测量中,对动镜M1进行精确定位是非常重要的。实验室中通常选用白光干涉条纹的零光程差位置作为测量的参照点,但由于白光相干长度很短,条纹随光程差变化的范围很小,而且受仪器精密度的局限,所以用迈克尔逊干涉仪调出清晰的白光干涉条纹一直是实验的难点。实验证明借助透射光栅和毛玻璃片能够顺利地调节出清晰的白光干涉条纹,并在分析实验现象的基础上,提出以透射光栅补偿后产生的零光程差位置为参照点,能够更加精确定位实际测量中动镜M1的位置,从而提高相关测量的精确度。

It is important to determine the exact position of the motion mirror M1 for some precise measurement by Michelson interferometer. Usually, the position of white light interference streaks＇ zero optical path difference is chosen as the measurements＇ reference point in practice. However, the white light＇ s interferential length is short, the scope of streaks variation with optical path difference is narrow, and the instruments＇ accuracy is not high, so it is difficult to obtain clear white light interference streaks with Michelson interferometer. The research proves that clear white light interference streaks can emerge with diffraction grating and frosted glass tablet. By analyzing the experiment phenomenon, it is proposed that regarding the position of zero optical path difference with the diffraction grating＇ s compensation as the reference point, the position of M1 can be located precisely in practical measurement, and so the optical path difference＇ s variation can be measured more precisely.