考评式结社与清代小说

On the Competitive Associations in the Fictions of Qing Dynasty

考评式结社是宋末元初文人在特殊的历史背景和社会环境下形成的重要沟通方式,并发展成为清代最流行的结社风气。这种结社以考评竞技为主,借鉴科举考试的程序与方法,因而在组织形式等方面不同于一般诗文社。清代的许多小说都提到了考评式结社,但小说家却描绘了与现实不同的特点,即将女性变成结社的主角,客观上反映了清代女子结社的状况。

The competitive associations were important means of communication in special historical and social surroundings for men of letters in early Yuan and late Song Dynasty, and they became the most popular associa-tions in Qing Dynasty. With competitions as the main feature and in view of imperial examinations, competitive association procedures, the competitive associations were different from the common literary societies in organi- zational forms. Many novels of Qing Dynasty mention the competitive associations, but the descriptions in those novels show different characteristics from the historical reality, for example, the female characters as the main members, which may to some extent reflect the women＇s association state and literary activities in the Qing Dynasty.