不同栽培措施对油菜抗寒性的影响

Effect of different cultivation measures on cold resistance of Brassica napus L.

以11个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)为试验材料,研究了不同播种期、苗期喷施烯效唑、不同肥料类型、不同施肥量等栽培措施对油菜抗寒性的影响。结果表明:越冬期发生-4～4℃低温时,早播(10月1日播种)条件下,不同品种均进入抽薹开花期,植株冻害明显,品种(系)间的抗寒性表现差异较大,冻害指数为25.0～82.5;以28-2010、中油116抗寒性最好;晚播(10月29日播种)条件下所有品种均处于苗期,冻害较轻,品种(系)间差异不大,冻害指数为24.2～29.2。早播处理幼苗5叶期喷施烯效唑使抗寒性明显提高,品种(系)间的冻害指数比对照平均降低4.76。氮磷钾配合施用,不同施肥量对油菜抗寒性影响差异不大,但增施有机肥有提高抗寒性的作用。

Eleven rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） varieties were analysed for their cold resistance with respect to different cultivation measures,such as sowing time,spraying uniconazole during seedling growth,fertilizer types and fertilizer volume.The results showed a significant difference in the cold resistance among ten varieties under the condition of early sowing（October 1st） because of the bolting and flowering periods at a low temperature of -4-4 ℃ in overwintering period,and the freeze injury index ranged between 25.0 and 82.5.Of note,the variety of zhongyou116 and 28-2010 exhibited the highest cold resistance among different varieties.However,no significant difference was observed among late sowing varieties,and all varieties exhibited less frost damage,the freeze injury index ranged between 24.2 and 29.2.Moreover,by spraying uniconazole during seedling growth,there was a general increase in the cold resistance among different varieties.The average freeze injury index of different varieties was reduced by 4.76.Under assortative applying with different quantities of N,P and K,no significant difference was observed among different varieties,but the use of an organic fertilizer was found to increase the cold resistance.According to above observations,the author proposed a comprehensive report of the cultivation measures of rapeseed with respect to cold resistance.