大别山自然保护区天然次生林分类及其生态位特征

Classification and ecological niche of natural secondary forest in the Nature Reserve of Dabie Mountain

通过样方调查、TWINSPAN分类与DCA排序及生态位分析,以物种重要值为分类排序与生态位计测的数据指标,研究湖北省大别山自然保护区天然次生林分类及优势木本生态位宽度与重叠。结果表明:应用TWINSPAN分类并结合DCA排序,可将植被划分为6个群落类型(针叶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ,针阔混交林Ⅰ、Ⅱ,E落叶阔叶林和F常绿落叶阔叶混交林)。同时DCA排序图中反映了植被由针叶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ——针阔混交林Ⅰ、Ⅱ——落叶阔叶林与常绿落叶混交林的格局变化。在针叶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ中,马尾松与黄山松生态位宽度较大,在针阔混交林Ⅰ、Ⅱ中,松类与栎类等都占据较大生态位,阔叶林阶段占据优势的木本种类更多,不同群落主要种群生态位宽度随着演替表现出相应的变化规律,同时也反映了多数广生态位物种间的生态位竞争。对于大多数演替阶段群落中的物种间的关系,以生态位重叠指数和物种生活特性作为主要的评价标准是可行的。

Based on data with important values for classification and niche measuring,the classification,niche breadth and overlap of dominant woody species of natural secondary forest in Dabie Mountain Reserve were studied by means of sampling,two-way indicator species analysis（TWINSPAN）,detrended correspondence analysis（DCA） and niche analysis.The results showed that communities of natural secondary forest in Dabie Mountain Reserve were divided into six community types（coniferous forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ,coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ,deciduous broad-leaved forest E and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest F） based on TWINSPAN and DCA.DCA ordination figures also reflected the pattern of communities changing from the coniferous forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ to coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ,then to deciduous and evergreen deciduous mixed forest.Pinus massoniana and Pinus hwangshanensis had a large niche breadth in coniferous forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Pinus and Quercus both had larger niche in coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Many woody species had larger niche in deciduous and evergreen deciduous mixed forest.The niche breadth and overlap of main dominant species in different communities might change according to the succession trend.It was feasible for using niche overlap index and species characteristic as the main evaluation criterion in terms of majority species relationships in different community succession.