赣江峡江至南昌段鱼类资源现状

Status of fish resources in Xiajiang to Nanchang section of Ganjiang River

为了解赣江中下游的鱼类资源现状,在2009年6月至2010年6月,分别于丰水期、平水期和枯水期对赣江峡江至南昌段的干流及2条支流共10个点的鱼类资源进行了3次调查。调查结果表明,该流域内共发现记录鱼类90种(亚种),隶属6目16科60属,以鲤形目为主,鲶形目与鲈形目的居中,鲱形目、合鳃鱼目和颌针鱼目极少;且优势种类主要为鲤(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)、鲫(Carassiu auratus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson),江湖洄游性鱼类(如青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus、草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus、鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix、鳙Aristichthys nobilis等)数量大量减少,而一些江海洄游性鱼类和珍稀鱼类(如中华鲟Acipenser sinensis、鯮Luciobrama macrocephalalus、鲥Macrura reevesii等)在此次调查中没有发现。与历史资料相比,赣江峡江至南昌段水域的鱼类种类组成变化较大,资源量明显降低,小型化趋势明显。

To investigate the composition and biomass of fish community in the middle and downstream area of Ganjiang River,10 points from Xiajiang to Nanchang section at high-water period,normal-water period and low-water period were sampled from June 2009 to June 2010.A total of 90 species of fish,which belonged to 60 genera,16 families and 6 orders were recorded.The results showed that Cypriniformes were the major fish species,Siluriformes and Perciformes were the next and the Clupeiformes,Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes were the least.The dominant species in the present study were Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus,Carassiu auratus（Linnaeus） and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco（Bleeker）.The population of migration fish including Mylopharyngodon piceus,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalm ichthys molitrix,Aristichthys nobilis,etc decreased sharply.The species of the Acipenser sinensis,Luciobrama macrocephalalus,and Hilsa reevesi disappeared completely.Compared with the historic data,the composition of fish species from Xiajiang to Nanchang section in Ganjiang River varied dramatically,the resource of fish decreased obviously and the fish became smaller.