“自主/依存”概念对立的语法体现——以指称性“X的”结构的使用为例

The Conceptual Dichotomy between Autonomy and Dependence as Manifested in the Use of Referential X+de Construction

概念上自主/依存的对立源自人们对现实世界的体验:事物可以脱离动作单独存在,而动作总是依附于相关的事物。汉语中,指称性"X的"结构在实际使用中的差异在语法上体现了这一对立:概念自主的名词性成分由于不蕴涵其他结构,其构成的"X的"结构在无中心语的语境中会导致中心语提取困难,因而使用受限;而概念依存的动词性成分由于预设了事物的存在,其构成的"X的"结构即便是在无中心语的语境中也能将"人""东西""事物"等范畴化层次较高的抽象名词解读为其中心语,因而使用较为自由。本文结论验证了"自主/依存"这一概念对立的心理现实性。

The conceptual dichotomy between autonomy and dependence originates from our perception of the real world,i.e.,things could exist independent of actions,while actions always entail things.This conceptual dichotomy is manifested grammatically by the differences in the use of referential X+de constructions taking a nominal or verbal X.The nominal X is conceptually autonomous and thus presupposes no other structures.The X+de construction of a nominal X may be hard to interpret and is thus rarely used if the head of the X+de construction doesn't appear in the context.On the contrary,the conceptually dependent verbal X presupposes the existence of things related.Even if the head of the X+de construction is absent in the context,it may be inferred as referring to things in general such as ren and dongxi.Hence,the use of the latter kind of X+de construction is less restricted.Our finding further confirms the psychological reality of the conceptual dichotomy between autonomy and dependence.