儿科血液病房医院感染的原因与控制对策

Causes and control countermeasures for nosocomial infections in pediatric hematology wards

目的探讨儿科血液病房医院感染的发生原因、临床特点,为降低医院感染的发生提供依据。方法回顾性调查2005年1月-2010年12月医院儿科血液病房住院患儿资料,对医院感染率、感染部位、病原菌及易感因素等进行分析。结果儿科血液病房住院患者3668例,发生医院感染312例,医院感染率为8.51%;感染部位以呼吸道感染为主占45.45%,共查出357株病原菌,易感因素为使用广谱抗菌药物、住院时间≥15d、年龄<1岁、应用糖皮质激素及化疗药物、重症患儿等。结论应针对易感因素,强化医护人员预防医院感染的意识,采取有效的预防控制措施可降低儿科血液病房医院感染发生率。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes,risk factors,and clinical features of nosocomial infections in the pediatric hematology wards so as to provide the reference for effectively reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections.METHODS The clinical data of hospitalized children who enrolled the pediatric hematology wards from Jan 2005 to Dec 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.The incidence of nosocomial infection,infection sites,pathogens,and risk factors were analyzed.RESULTS Of 3668 hospitalized children in the pediatric hematology wards,nosocomial infections occurred in 312 patients with the infection rate of 8.51%;the respiratory tract was dominant among the infection sites,accounting for 45.45%,totally 357 strains of pathogens were isolated,the use of broad spectrum antibiotics,hospitalization duration more than 15 days,less than one year of age,application of glucocorticoids and chemotherapy drugs,and the severe diseases were the risk factors for the nosocomial infections.CONCLUSION It′s necessary to focus on risk factors of nosocomial infections and strengthen the awareness of doctors and nurses in preventing nosocomial infections.Taking effective prevention measures can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in pediatric hematology wards.