实施中的“软”“硬”之法：规则的不服从与服从

'Soft' Law and 'Hard' Law in Implementation:Obedience and Disobedience of Regulation

法律在实施中既有执行软弱的问题,也有执行过于刚硬的问题。如何避免执法者和守法者在服从法律规则上的过于僵硬或机械?主要可从两个方面解决:一是处理好原则与规则的适用关系。当规则与原则一致时,先适用具体的规则;当规则与原则不一致时,应优先适用原则。二是公民的抵抗权问题。法律应赋予公民出于道德良知的判断(或特殊行业的执业者出于职业道德)而故意违反现行法律规定的权利。总之,法制应该具有"温情"的一面。

During law implementation, there are problems of being too weak or too hard. In order to avoid law enforcers and law abiders from being too rigid or too mechanical in obeying legal regulations two aspects can be done which are proper dealing with the application relationship between principles and regulations, i.e. when they agree with each other, specific regulations first while oppositely principles first, and proper protection of citizens＇ resistance right, i.e. right of purposely legal regulations disobedience out of moral conscience judgment （or professional ethics for practitioners of special industries） should be endowed to citizens by laws. In general, there should be a ＇soft＇ side in the legal system.