走向共识:美国协商行政立法的兴起与发展

For the Sake of Consensus:Rise and Development of Consultative Administrative Legislation in the U.S.

在现代国家,行政机关的趋向官僚化是难以避免的趋势。在此背景下,美国的传统行政立法程序因其耗时、不经济、易引发诉讼而招致广泛的不满。作为法律规范的形成过程,传统行政立法程序或明或暗地鼓励了对抗,降低了自身的有效性和正当性。协商行政立法制度则以一种反思的姿态应运而生,它通过强调共识的形成来改进行政立法程序,进而为行政法的未来发展提供新的思路。

Abstract： In modem states, it is an inevitable trend that administrative bodies go bureaucratic. Under such background, the American traditional legislation procedure receives widespread dissatisfaction due to its heavy time cost, uneconomicalness and easy cause of litigation. As the formation process of legal norms, the traditional legislation procedure encourages antagonism, which cuts down on its own effectiveness and legitimacy. At this time, taking an attitude of reflection, the consultative administrative legislation system comes into being, which emphasizes on the form of consensus to improve administrative legislation process in order to provide the future development of the administrative law with a new idea.