恩格斯的“理论思维”的辩证法

On Engels' Dialectics of “Theoretical Thinking”

自20世纪以来，恩格斯的哲学思想、特别是他的辩证法遭到来自两个方面的曲解：一是自30年代以来的苏联哲学原理教科书，离开恩格斯对哲学思维的理论自觉，以素朴实在论和直观反映论的经验思维描述和解释恩格斯的辩证法，在相当程度上把辩证法变成了恩格斯尖锐批评的“刻板公式”和“语录词汇”；二是西方马克思主义把恩格斯视为与马克思不同的“苏联模式马克思主义”的始作俑者，把恩格斯的辩证法归结为素朴实在论和直观反映论的经验思维，并由此指认恩格斯的哲学思想是与马克思不同的“科学主义”。

The main significant contribution to Marxist dialectics of Engels is to formulate dialectics on the level of theoretical thinking. This contribution is expressed in three aspects: 1) generalizing thoroughly the historical evolution of the way of thinking embodied in science history, philosophy history and human history; 2) elucidating deeply the relationships of empirical thinking and theoretical thinking as well as scientific thinking and philosophical thinking; 3) demonstrating concretely a series of major theoretical issues such as dialectics and the way of theoretical thinking, dialectics and the fundamental problem of philosophy, dialectics and natural science achievements, dialectics and historical materialism, and dialectics and scientific socialism. Therefore, elaborating Engels' dialectics of theoretical thinking and responding criticism on Engels’dialectics are important issues to promote the contemporary study of Marxist dialectics.