清末直省商政机构的确立与运作

On the Establishment and Operation of Commercial and Political Organs of the Directed Provincial Governments of the Late Qing Dynasty

直省商政机构适晚清重商主义兴起而设。甲午战争之后,中国出现了重商的社会思潮,朝野人士纷纷吁请成立正式的商政机构,但在"不与民争利"观念的支配下,清廷对于设立专门的商政机构,依然迟疑不前。各省督抚在甲午战后率先设立了地域性的商政机构——商务局,成为先于商部的产业行政整合机构。各省商务局的设立,从知识与制度的相互关联方面,折射出晚清对商务的重新定位以及由此引起的制度变化。从直省商政机构的确立,到丙午官制改革设劝业道以专责成,体现了清末经济改革从分散走向集中、从无序走向有序的过程,并最终促使清廷将商事机构纳入正式的职官体制。

The commercial and political organs of provincial governments directly lead by the empire were established for the rise of mercantilism in the late Qing dynasty.After the Sino-Japanese War,mercantilism of social thought appeared in China,and the ruling and opposition parties called upon the establishment of formal com mercial and political institutions,but under the concept of ‘competing not with the people’,the Qing government still hesitate to do that.The provincial governments set up the first regional business and governmental a gencies,Bureau of Commerce,to become the first in industrial consolidation as the executive bodies of the com mercial department.The establishment of the provincial commerce bureau interrelated aspects of the knowledge system reflected the repositioning of the business in the late Qing Dynasty,and the result of system change.From the establishment of direct commercial and political institutions,to the Heigo Official Reform,the DKB Road was set to specifically instruct and reflect on the economic reforms in the late Qing Dynasty.The course of changing was from scattered to concentrated states,from disorder to order,the eventually changed the Qing court Shoji institutions into a formal Officials Regime.