从业主福利到公民权利——一个中产阶层移民社区的政治参与

From Ownership to Citizenship:Political participation in a community of middle-class migrants

本文通过对上海郊区某中产阶层移民社区的个案研究,试图回答下列问题:以"外来人口"为主体的中产阶层社区,其政治参与图景有何特点?户籍对中产阶层的政治参与有何影响?财富能否突破户籍制度对流动人口政治参与的限制?研究发现:(1)在城乡结合部,中产阶层的政治参与在很大程度上是由于公共服务的"洼地效应";(2)年龄是比户籍更为重要的分野:无论本地居民还是外来人口,老年人更倾向于通过居委会参与公共生活,而年轻人更倾向于通过网络平台影响政府决策;(3)中产阶层的政治参与具有"业主能动主义"的特征,即主要围绕物业管理、公共设施和公共服务等"业主福利"而展开;(4)为维护业主福利,老年业主以社区为基础、采取了回旋余地较小的"依法抗争",以失败告终;而年轻一代则以网络为平台、采取了更具妥协性的"结盟策略",政府与网民的对话机制得以建立;(5)青年网民发起"选个邻居当代表"运动,标志着他们的诉求由业主福利向公民权利拓展。

Based on a case study in suburban Shanghai,this paper explores the following questions:what are the characteristics of homeowners' political participation in the middle-class migrant community? How has hukou affected their political participation? Is it possible that middle-class migrants' wealth challenges the restrictions on civic engagement imposed by the hukou system? The results show that:(1) in rural-urban fringe zone,the political participation of middle class to a great extent is due to the low-lying land effect of public service;(2) age,rather than hukou,is the most important dividing line:for both locals and migrants,the aged prefer engaging public affairs via neighborhood committee,while the young tends to affect public policy through the internet;(3) the political participation of middle class is characterized by 'homeowner activism',centered around 'homeowners' well-being',such as property management,communal facilities,public service,etc;(4) in order to protect their well-being,the aged homeowners apply the strategy of 'rightful resistance' base on community,with less leeway this strategy always ends with failure;however,the young homeowners adopt the more compromising 'alliance strategy' with the assistance of internet,and finally establish the dialogue mechanism between the government and internet users;(5) the young launch a movement called 'elect a neighbor to be your representative',which means the expansion of their appeal from homeowners' well-being to civil rights.