中国小麦微核心种质籽粒赖氨酸含量分析

Analysis of Lysine Concentration in Grains of Chinese Wheat Micro-Core Collections

以225份中国小麦微核心种质为材料,研究了籽粒赖氨酸的含量及其变异范围,鉴定出一批高赖氨酸含量的特异种质资源。结果表明,我国小麦微核心种质籽粒的赖氨酸含量在品种间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),赖氨酸含量的平均值为0.44%,变幅为0.28%～0.79%。鉴定出赖氨酸含量高于0.60%的7个特异高赖氨酸材料。农家品种中"老秃头"的赖氨酸含量最高(0.79%),其次是"阳麦"(0.70%)、"红麦"(0.66%)、"同家坝小麦"(0.64%)、"白火麦"(0.61%)和"江东门"(0.60%)。现代育成品种中"矮丰3号"的赖氨酸含量最高(0.63%),其次是"温麦6号"(0.58%)和"烟农15"(0.58%),是培育高产、高赖氨酸小麦品种的重要资源。将微核心种质按原产地及麦区分别归类分析得出,西北春麦区小麦的赖氨酸含量最高,显著高于东北春麦区、北部春麦区和新疆冬春麦区(P<0.05),其他麦区小麦籽粒的赖氨酸含量之间的差异不显著。冬麦区与春麦区以及国内小麦品种与国外引进品种赖氨酸含量之间的差异不显著(P<0.05)。随着育种年代的推移,小麦籽粒赖氨酸的含量呈"V"型变化,其中20世纪60年代育成品种的赖氨酸含量最低,20世纪80年代育成品种的赖氨酸含量最高,但各年代育成品种间没有显著差异。这些结果补充完善了我国小麦微核心种质的品质状况,为核心种质的进一步应用提供参考,在我国小麦营养品质育种的亲本选择和有利基因的发掘和利用方面也有重要意义。

225 Chinese wheat micro - core collections were used to study the content and variation of lysine content, and select special germplasm resources with high lysine content. The results showed that significant differences were found in lysine content for different cuhivars （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Lysine content on average was 0.44% , varied from 0.28% to 0.79%, and the improving potential was 77.46%. There were seven cultivars, whose lysine contents higher than 0. 60%. Native varieties, ＂ Laotutou＂ had the highest lysine content （0. 79% ）, followed by ＂ Yangmai＂ （ 0.70% ）, ＂Hongmai＂ （ 0.66% ）, ＂Tongjiaba＂ （ 0.64% ）,＂ Baihuomai＂ （ 0.61% ）, and ＂Jiangdongmen＂ （ 0.60% ）.Among modem bred varieties, ＂ Aifeng 3＂ had the highest lysine content （0.63%） , followed by （0.58%）and ＂Yannong 15＂ （0.58%）,which were important resources to breed wheat variety with high yield and high lysine content. Lysine content of wheat cultivars from different regions were compared, and the results showed that the mean content of lysine for wheat cultivars from Northwest Spring Wheat Region was significantly（ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those derived from Northeast Spring Wheat Region, North Spring Wheat Region, and Xinjiang Winter Wheat Region. There was no significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ） between lysine contents of wheat cultivars from Winter Wheat Region and Spring Wheat Region. Significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ） was not found between lysine content of wheat cultivars from landraee and cultivars imported from aboard. With the lapse of eras for breeding wheat varieties ,the varying tendency of lysine content showed ＂V＇. Lysine content for wheat varieties released in 60 s was the lowest, whereas that for 80 s was the highest. However,there was no significant difference in lysine content of wheat released in＇ different eras. These results can complete and perfect the condition of wheat quality traits for Chinese Micro - core collections, and be useful for excellent parent＇s selection and utilization of fine genes in wheat.