工业化过程中劳动报酬比重变动的国际比较

A Comparison on the International Change of the Labor Share During the Process of Industrialization

美国劳动报酬比重在工业化过程中长期保持在高水平,日本和韩国等国劳动报酬比重趋于上升,中国和拉美国家则在低水平上相对稳定。产业结构转变的阶段性特征、计划经济向市场经济的转轨特征、粗放型和资本扩张型的经济发展方式以及过于灵活的劳动力市场是中国劳动报酬比重长期较低的主要原因。目前,政府需要放松对经济领域的直接干预,使市场机制充分发挥收入分配的基础性功能,同时,政府还需整合各种政策资源,构建提高劳动报酬比重的长效机制和协同机制。

During the process of industrialization internationally, the labor share in the US has remained stable at a high level for a long time. Similarly, the laor share has been rising in Japan ,South Korea and other countries, and has been relatively stable at a low level in China and the Latin American countries. The main reasons for this long- term low labor share in China are its current stage of industrial restructuring, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, an extensive pattern of capital expansion and economie development, and the excessively flexible labor market. At present, the Chinese government needs to reduce its direct econom- ic intervention and let the market forces decide the fundamental role of income distribution. In addition, the gov- ernment needs to integrate its policy resources and create a long - term coordinated mechanism for improving the labor share.