论黄庭坚对庾信诗赋的接受

On Huang Tingjian's Acceptance of the Poems of Yu Xin

黄庭坚是宋代伟大的诗家,其诗歌创作上的巨大成就离不开对庾信诗赋的接受,主要体现在:黄庭坚将庾信作为"忧愁诗人"的典范,肯定庾信的"乡关之思",以之为"凌云健笔"文风质素,他常自比庾信,阐扬庾信"哀愁"精神;黄庭坚承传了庾信"抒写性灵"思想,在创作上主张"吟咏情性",通过书写净化苦闷心灵,释放人生怨愤,调和社会矛盾,做到"哀而不怨";黄庭坚自觉论析和实践庾信"诗法"技艺,将庾信诗赋定位为"不使句弱""不使语俗",肯定庾信诗赋"清新""气韵深稳""有趣",篇章"可为楷式",创作时不少字、语词、句式乃至意象、典实等均从庾信处继承和袭用,并在庾信诗文的基础上,通过"夺胎换骨,点铁成金"的方式,变化生新。

Huang Tingjian is a great poet in the Song Dynasty,and the huge achievement he achieved on poetry creation cannot be separated with his acceptance of Yu Xin＇s poems,which is embodied in：first,Huang Tingjian regarded Yu Xin as a model of ＂sorrowful poet＂,and spoke highly of Yu Xin＇s thought of ＂sorrow＂;secondly,Huang Tingjian inherited and passed on Yu Xin＇s spirit of ＂describing spirituality＂,and advocated ＂celebrating by verse＂ of creation,which means that writing can help purify the depressed mind,release grievances of life,and reconcile social contradictions,in order to live up to ＂grief without resentment＂;thirdly,Huang Tingjian consciously worked on the analysis and practice of Yu Xin＇s ＂poetic＂ skills,positioned Yu Xin＇s poetry as ＂not weakening sentences＂ and ＂not making language vulgar＂,and affirmed Yu Xin＇s poetry was ＂flesh＂,＂stable in flavor＂,＂funny＂,and ＂specialized in kaishu＂.Among his creation,he often used direct sentences and derivation from Yu Xin＇s poetry,repeatedly employed the usual images and literary quotation of Yu Xin,to ＂apply the old language forms in a new fashion＂ by inheriting Yu Xin＇s ＂sentence repeating＂,reiterative locution and other rhetoric devices.He snatched the womb and changed the bone by using Yu Xin＇s poetry,syntactical structure and phraseology,to turn a crude essay into a literary gem.