青春期心理障碍患者的临床特点和人格特征分析

Clinical characteristics and personality of adolescence patients with psychological disorders

目的探讨青春期心理障碍患者的临床特点和人格特征。方法收集中山大学附属第三医院精神科2010年6月—2011年5月期间住院的68例青春期患者的临床资料,并对青春后期62例进行卡氏16种人格因素测验(16-PF)评定。结果青春期前期(11～14岁)者6例(8.8%),青春期后期(15～19岁)62例(91.2%),家族史阳性者13例(19.1%)。疾病分布以精神分裂症28例(41.1%)和心境障碍14例(20.6%)常见,其次是脑炎所致精神障碍(16.2%)和神经性厌食症(10.3%)。男、女性青春后期患者人格均以因子O、I分为最高。男性因子E分低于女性(t=-4.151,P=0.000),而因子N分高于女性(t=2.691,P=0.013)。结论青春期后期易出现心理障碍,以精神分裂症、心境障碍、脑炎所致精神障碍和神经性厌食症常见。敏感多疑、好忧虑人格特征为易感素质。

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and personality of adolescence patients with psychological disorders. Methods The clinical data of 68 hospitalized cases of psychological disorders in the third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected and analyzed and 62 late adolescence cases were evaluated by Cattell 16-PF from 2010.6 to 2011.5. Results There were 39 male cases （57.3 % ） and 29 female cases（42.7 % ） ; 6 cases（8.8% ）were the younger adolescence and 62 cases（91.2% ）were the elder adolescence; 13 cases（ 19.1% ）were positive on the family history. Twenty-eight cases （41.1% ） suffered from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, 14 cases（20.6% ）suffered from mood disorder, 11 patier/ts （16.2%） suffered form mental disorder due to encephalitis, and 7 patients （10.3 % ） suffered from anorexia nervosa. The scores of O and I factors were high, the score of E factor in the boy group was lower than that in the girl group （ t = - 4. 151, P = 0. 000）, and the score of N factor in the boy group was higher than that in the girl group （ t = 2. 691, P = 0. 013）. Conclusions The late adolescence easy appears mental disorders, such as schizophrenia mood disorder, mental disorders due to encephalitis, and anorexia nervosa. The sensitive suspicious and easy worried personality characteristics are the at-risk quality.