页岩气实验测试技术现状与研究进展

Research Development of Analytical Techniques for Shale Gas

页岩气是一种潜力巨大的非常规资源,已经在北美地区得到成功开发,成为全球油气勘探的一个新领域。目前对页岩气的储量评估和产气能力评价研究主要集中在页岩气藏的岩性成分、成因来源、赋存形式、成藏特征、成藏条件、页岩含气量等方面。而开展这些研究的基础是首先要准确测定页岩有机地球化学,岩石学以及含气量等相关参数,因此页岩实验测试技术是页岩气勘探开发研究的关键技术之一。通过对页岩进行分析检测可以得到总有机碳含量、成熟度、孔隙度、渗透率及含气量等重要参数,这些参数的获得对页岩气成藏研究和勘探开发具有重要意义。因此尽快梳理页岩实验测试技术,建立页岩特征参数常规分析测试方法体系和页岩测试专用实验室显得十分重要。本文在调研国内外文献的基础上,围绕页岩有机地球化学特征、页岩岩石学相关参数和页岩含气量测定,对页岩的有机质丰度、干酪根类型、有机质生油、生气关键指标等地球化学特征分析,页岩矿物组成、孔隙度和渗透率测定等储层表征技术,以及页岩含气量测试技术进行了概述。大量文献资料表明:加强页岩总有机碳含量、干酪根类型、页岩有机质成熟度、页岩孔隙度和渗透率、页岩含气量等参数的研究对页岩气的开发利用具有重要作用。

As an unconventional gas resource with huge exploration potential, shale gas has been successfully exploited in North America and has become a new field of oil and gas exploration. At present, researches on the evaluation of reserves and gas generating capacity for shale gas are focused on lithological composition, origin, occurrence fonaa, reservoir characteristics, reservoir conditions and gas content of the shale gas. All research is based on the accurate measurement of organic geochemistry and petrological parameters and gas contents. Therefore, analytical techniques of shale gas are the key technologies for shale gas exploration and development. Many important parameters, such as the concentration of total organic carbon, maturity, porosity, pelraeability and gas content etc. , can be obtained through the analysis of shale, and play an important role in the study of accumulation and development of shale gas. It is important to establish the routine analysis procedures and special laboratory for the characteristic parameters of shale based on the studying of analysis technologies for shale. Based on literatures, the analytical techniques of shale were reviewed, with particular focus on the geochemical analysis （the concentration of total organic carbon, kerogen type, key indicators of organic matter of oil and gas generation, etc. ） , shale reservoir characterization （mineral compositions, porosity and permeability of shale） and gas content measurement of shale, which are very important to shale gas exploration and development.