食肉目猫科物种的系统发育学研究概述

Summary of phylogeny in family Felidae of Carnivora

猫科动物(Felidae)是食肉目中肉食性最强的一科,其中许多成员是人们最熟悉、最引人注目的动物,也是各地的顶级食肉动物。目前37个现存猫科物种中有36个已经被列为濒危和稀有对象。食肉目猫科物种的进化历史是一个快速辐射和较近时期发生的物种形成事件,使得猫科物种之间系统发育关系的重建非常困难,一直处于广泛争论的状态。构建可靠的猫科系统发育关系,具有重要的进化理论意义和保护生物学价值。文章对猫科物种的系统发育学研究进展,包括来自于形态学特征、细胞学和分子生物学方面的证据做简要概述,并提出目前研究中存在的问题。以期对今后猫科物种的系统发育方面的进一步研究工作具有指导意义,并为该类群的生物多样性资源保护提供科学依据。

Felidae （cats） is one of the strict carnivorous groups in the order Carnivora, many of which are most familiar and spectacular to us. They are the top predators in the world. Thirty-six of 37 living cat species are considered as either ＂endangered＂ or ＂threatened＂. The relationships among species of the family Felidae, which evolved recently and rapidly, are difficult to resolve, and have been the subject of debate. Construction of a reliable Felidae phylogeny will be of evolu- tionarily significance and conservation value. In this paper, we summarized phylogeny of Felidae, including cytological, morphological and molecular evidence, and pointed out the existing phylogenetic problems. This review is expected to guide future researches of Felidae phylogeny, and to lay a theoretic foundation for the protection of this animal group.