施肥方式对甜高粱秸秆产量和糖分含量以及酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Yields,Sugar Content and Enzyme Activities of Sweet Sorghum

采用田间试验方法,研究了4种施肥方式(CK、A1、A2、A3)对2个甜高粱品种‘新高粱3号’(XT-2)和‘新高粱9号’(T601)秸秆生物产量、糖分含量和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥方式对2个品种的生育天数没有影响;品种XT-2以氮、磷、钾后移改进作追肥施入处理(A3)的生物产量最高(54 916.96kg/hm2),而T601以生育前期施入磷、钾肥全部作基肥一次施入处理(A1)的生物产量最高(64 136.60kg/hm2),两者分别比CK(不施肥)增产14.96%和10.48%。(2)甜高粱秸秆总糖含量与蔗糖含量随生育期变化趋势基本一致,秸秆总糖含量在拔节期很低,其基本从挑旗期开始积累,并于成熟期达到最高值,且以XT-2品种在A3处理下的总糖含量最高(达到鲜基重12.7%)。(3)施肥方式对甜高粱秸秆蔗糖磷酸合成酶合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性的影响很明显,并以品种T601在A3处理下的SS活性最高(266.74mg.g-1.h-1)、品种XT-2在A1处理下的SPS活性最高(431.21mg.g-1.h-1),且二者均与其他处理差异极显著。研究发现,适宜施肥方式能显著提高甜高粱秸秆的生物产量、糖分含量和蔗糖代谢相关酶(SS、SPS)活性,从而有效改善甜高粱品质,增加其产量。

Effect of four fertilizing modes （CK, A1, A2, A3） on bio-mass, sugar contents and the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes of two sweet sorghum varieties（XT-2 ＆ T601）were researched by using field experiment. Result showed： （1）The fertilizing modes had not an effect on growing days. The bio-mass of XT-2 in topdressing treatment A3 with N,P,K fertilizer was the highest,it was 54 916.96 kg/hm2 ,the bio-mass of T601 in full base P,K fertilizer treatment A1 was the highest,it was 64 136.60 kg/hm2 ,their yield increasing rates to CK were 14. 96%, 10.48%, respectively. （2）The changing trends of total sugar content and sucrose content are basically identical. The sugar content in jointing stage was lower,total sug- ar accumulated the highest value in flag leaf stage. The total sugar content of XT-2 in A3 treatment was the highest,it was 12.7% FW; （3）The effect of fertilizing mode on SPS ＆ SS enzyme activities in stem was very obvious,SPS and SS activities of T601 A3 and XT-2-A1 were the strongest,they were 266.74,431.21mg .g-1 . h -1, respectively, and significantly different to other treatments. The fertilizing mode signifi- cantly increased the bio-mass,the sugar contents and enzyme activities（SS and SPS） of sweet sorghum. By this way the quality and yields were increased effectively.