试论国家权力的研究视角与研究方法

On the Research Perspectives and Methods of State Power

研究政治体制改革和对国家权力的监督制约,应当分别从政治和法律的不同视角来给国家权力定位。政治视角的国家权力并不依赖于法律,通常是在阶级斗争中获胜的阶级所获得的公共权力,往往是武装斗争的战利品,是实行阶级统治的有力工具。它的权威性、强制性和普遍有效性是不容置疑的。但在国家权力归属问题解决之后,就必须从法律和法治的角度认识和规范国家权力。研究国家权力时,阶级分析的方法和法律实证分析的方法不可偏废。

State power should be oriented from political and legal perspectives respectively in the study of political restructuring and state power supervision and restraint. State power, if viewed politically, does not necessarily rely on the law since it is a pub lie power acquired in class struggle,or trophies of the war, which is a powerful instrument of class rule. However, state power must be viewed and regulated from the perspective of law and rule of law once the issue of belonging is clarified. Both class anal- ysis methods and legal empirical methods should be employed in its study.