视觉诗学:英美现代派诗歌获自中国古诗的美学启示

Visual Poetics:Aesthetic Insights from Chinese Poetry for Anglo-American Modernist Poetry

20世纪上半叶,由费诺罗萨发起并经过庞德的推动,中国古诗和英美现代诗进行了一场成功的对话,但以刘若愚为代表的汉学家们对费诺罗萨的诗学观点基本持否定态度,尤其不认同对汉字汉诗的视觉特征及其诗学意义的推崇,倒是不懂汉语的英美诗人和文学研究者反而持欣赏的态度。如何解释这两种截然相反的态度呢?通过追本溯源,从视觉美学的角度研究汉诗对英美诗歌的美学影响,可以看出,英美现代派诗人从中国古诗获得的是一种堪称视觉诗学的美学启示,这种诗学表面上以视觉感知为特征,但其深层结构触及诗性无意识,直指诗歌之源,因而能够超越不同文学传统,促成中国古诗与英美现代派诗歌的成功对话,并对建立跨文化诗学有启迪作用。

Initiated by Fenollosa and promoted by Pound,the dialogue between classical Chinese poetry and Anglo-American poetry was a huge success in the early half of the twentieth century.Fenollosa's poetic ideas,especially his emphasis on visual characteristics of Chinese writing and poetry,was repudiated by Sinologists headed by James J.Y.Liu.By contrast,Anglo-American poets and critics who did not know Chinese language adopted an appreciative attitude.How can we explain the conflicting views? This article,by tracing the origin of art and poetry and examining the aesthetic impact of Chinese poetry from the perspective of visual aesthetics,argues that the aesthetic inspirations gained by the modernist poets can be called visual poetics.Characterized by visual perception,it reaches to the poetic unconscious in the deep structure,transcends the barriers of literary traditions,and makes it possible for Chinese and English poetry to engage in a successful dialogue,thereby contributing insights for cross-cultural poetics.