可口革囊星虫与其栖息地底泥中的重金属含量及相关性分析

Contents and correlationship of heavy metals in Phascolosoma esculentas and their habitat sediments

用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定了采集于北海银滩镇、厦门海门岛、宁德漳湾镇、乐清西门岛、温岭坞根镇、三门花桥镇等地区自然滩涂以及温岭坞根镇养殖区的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculentas)及其栖息地的底泥样品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb、Hg和As等8种重金属含量,并对检测结果进行了含量特征、生物体与栖息地底泥中重金属含量相关性分析、生物体重金属富集系数分析。结果表明:不同栖息地可口革囊星虫间的重金属含量差异性显著(P<0.05),各群体中Pb含量均超过标准,厦门海门岛群体中Cd含量超标;厦门海门岛、乐清西门岛自然滩涂栖息地和温岭坞根镇养殖区等底泥中重金属含量相对较高,所有采样点底泥中Cu含量以及乐清西门岛自然滩涂底泥中Cd含量达到沉积物质量标准Ⅱ类;可口革囊星虫对Zn、Cu、Fe的富集系数均小于1,对Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg和As的富集系数均大于1。Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb和As的富集系数在大部分群体间差异性较小;可口革囊星虫中的Fe和As含量与底泥中的Fe和As含量高度正相关,Zn和Hg含量的相关性次之,其余重金属元素含量的相关性较差。

Elemental contents of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in Phascolosoma esculentas and habitat sediments collected from seashore bottomlands of Beihai, Ningde, Xiamen, Yueqing, Taizhou and Wenling and culture area of Wenling were determined by AAS and AFS. Heavy metal contents, the correlativity between Phascolosoma esculentas and habitat sediments and the biological concentration factor （BCF） were analyzed on the basis of the above data. The results showed a significant difference of heavy metal contents in Phascolosoma escu- lentas from different sites （P〈0.05）. Lead concentrations in Phascolosoma esculentas from all the sampling sites and Cd from Xiamen were above the security standards. The heavy metals contents in the sediments from Xiamen, Yueqing and culture area of Wenling were relatively high. The content of Cu in sediments from all the sampling sites and Zn from culture area of Wenling were up to the second-class quality standard for marine sediments, while the others reached the first-class standard. The BCFs ofZn, Cu and Fe were less than one; whereas the BCFs of Mn, Cd, Pb, Hg and As were higher than one. The BCFs of Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb and As have no significant variation among most of sampling sites. A most positive correlation was observed for the Fe and As levels in muscle and that in the sediments, closely followed by Zn and Hg, while others elements presented faint-correlation or non-correlation.