元代申检体覆制度与减灾救灾

Policy of Reporting and Examining Disasters and Measures to the Disaster Reduction and Disaster Relief in Yuan Dynasty

申检体覆制度是元朝政府实施的一项重要的减灾救灾措施,依次按申灾、检踏、体覆、监察和纠察等四个程序执行,按收成受损分数减免税赋。由于这种制度带有很强的中央集权性,各级机构尤其是直接接触民生的机构没有足够的发挥空间,权力严重受限,补偿救济缺乏,救灾物资受交通条件掣肘,赈灾实效大打折扣。虽然该制度在一定程度上缓和了阶级矛盾,但由于政府监管不力,多有官民勾结贪污救济物资,救助不力亦使流民衍生、盗贼滋多,加之对不同民族区别对待,仍是弊端重重。

The policy of reporting and examining the disaster was a very important policy in Yuan dy- nasty that government decreased taxes according to the records of disaster. There were five processes, i. e. report, investigation, censor, examination and punishment. Because of its strong centralization of authori- ty, institutions at all levels, especially those directly contacting with the people＇s livelihood, their power had been limited severely, so the effect was greatly reduced greatly. The policy of reporting the disaster prevented the swift destruction of Yuan dynasty in some degree.