出口企业存在工资红利吗?——基于1998～2007年中国工业企业微观数据的经验研究

Does Exporting Wage Premium Exist in the Exporting Sector?

本文基于1998～2007年中国工业企业微观数据,运用OLS计量回归和倾向得分匹配方法,考察了出口贸易对员工工资的影响,检验了出口企业是否存在比非出口企业更高收入的出口工资红利。研究结果显示,运用OLS计量回归方法,发现至少存在约4%以上的红利效应,而使用倾向得分匹配方法发现存在9.4%的"红利效应"。在引入更多的控制性变量,逐年、分省份、分所有制类型考察并且考虑入世的冲击、工资的时滞性或刚性后,不论是用OLS还是用倾向得分匹配方法均发现出口工资红利显著存在。

Does export cause higher wage？ In order to answer this question, using China＇s industrial firm level data during 1998-2007, this paper examines the effect of firms＇export behavior on their wage by OLS regression and propensity score matching （PSM）. Through rigorous exercises, we find that the wage premi- um of exporting activities is at least 4% by using OLS method, while about 9.4 by using PSM. After introducing more controlled covariates, investigating year by year, province by province and by ownership types, considering the shock of WTO and wage rigidness, we all find exporting wage premium exists significantly by whether OLS or PSM.