威海市斑块冬季鸟类多样性与生境的关系

Relationship between Bird Diversity and Habitat at Weihai City in Winter

近年来,威海一直致力于生态城市的建设。物种多样性是生态城市的重要指标,而在物种多样性中,城市鸟类多样性起着重要的作用。本文调查了冬季威海7个斑块(2个校园和5个典型生活小区)的鸟类多样性,对其物种多样性指数以及均匀度指数进行分析,得出山东大学校园和哈尔滨工业大学校园的鸟类多样性高于5个小区斑块,而且2个校园斑块的均匀度在7个斑块中也处于较高水平。另外,结合实际情况,文章从绿化面积、城市栖息地的空间异质性、生境破碎化程度以及人为干扰4个方面对城市鸟类丰富度与多样性的影响因素做出讨论,并就城市化对鸟类的影响问题做出分析,得出威海冬季鸟类的多样性从一定程度上反映了当地生态环境的多样性,建议将鸟类的多样性作为评价城市环境好坏的一种新指标。

In recent years,Weihai City has been committed to the construction of an eco - city.Species diversity is an important indicator of an eco - city and urban bird diversity is an important part of total species diversity.We surveyed bird diversity of seven city habitats,including two campuses and five typical housing estates at Weihai City in winter.We analyzed the diversity and evenness indices of the seven habitats.Bird diversity and evenness on the campus of Shandong University at Weihai and Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai were higher than at the five housing estates.We discuss the influence of the green area, the spatial heterogeneity of the urban habitat,the degree of habitat fragmentation and human disturbance on richness and diversity of birds in city environments.We analyzed the influence of urbanization on birds.Finally we concluded that bird diversity of Weihai City in winter reflects the diversity of local ecological environments to some extent.We recommend the diversity of birds should be used as a new index for the evaluation of urban environment quality.