甲状腺功能亢进症合并糖尿病的护理宣教探讨

Education on nursing for hyperthyroidism complicated by diabetes mellitus

目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进症合并糖尿病的护理宣教，使患者正确认识本身疾病，积极配合治疗。方法通过对本组患者正确护理宣教：密切观察病情、合理指导饮食、教会患者低血糖的症状和自我救治、掌握诺和笔注射胰岛素要领和注意事项、指导定期复查血象，预防他巴唑的副作用血粒细胞缺乏症的发生。结果护理宣教前粒缺的发生率为50％，宣教后降为0％；护理宣教前低血糖的发生率为90％，宣教后降为0．66％；护理宣教前低血糖自救方法掌握率为0％，宣教后升至100％。患者认识本身疾病治疗注意事项，正确掌握血粒细胞缺乏症和低血糖的症状，掌握自我救治方法。结论护士的正确护理宣教，使患者正确认识本身疾病，降低粒细胞缺乏症和低血糖的发生率，掌握了自我救治的方法，对治疗起到十分重要的作用。

Objective To explore nursing care for hyperthyroidism complicated by diabetes mellitus, and to make sure that patients correctly understand their own disease and actively cooperate with treatment. Methods We provided correct nursing education to the patients including close observation of disease courses, guidence of rational dietary, understanding of symptoms of hypoglycemia and self-treatment, mastering of essentials of pen insulin injections, instruction of regular blood tests, and prevention measures for occurrence of side effects of methimazole （ neutrophylic agranulocytosis ）. Results As a result of a reasonable nursing education, the incidence of neutrophylic agranulocytosis reduced from 50% to 0%. The rate of hypoglycemia declined from 90% to 0.66% after nursing education. None of the patients knew the self- treatment methods before education but 100% of them mastered the methods after education. All of the patients understood their own disease treatment, learned the symptoms of neutrophylic agranulocytosis and hypoglycemia, and master methods for self-treatment self-treatment. Conclusions Correct nursing education can make patients correctly understand their own disease and well master self-treatment methods, and reduce the incidence of neutrophylic agranulocytosis and hypoglycemia, which plays a very important role in the treatment.