天山北坡7种野生果树幼苗的功能性状分析

Analysis on Seedling Functional Traits of 7 Wild Fruit Tree Species on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains

以分布在天山北坡的7种野生果树幼苗为研究对象,测定比叶面积(SLA)、木材密度、叶片厚度、茎皮厚度及根、茎、叶器官的N,P,K含量等功能性状指标,分析影响植物功能性状的环境因子。结果表明:7种野生果树幼苗各项功能性状测定指标均差异显著(P<0.05),新疆野苹果木材密度最小,酸枣木材密度和比叶面积均最大,但叶片厚度和茎皮厚度均最小,胡桃比叶面积最小,但茎皮厚度最大;SLA与叶N含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);不同树种的根、茎、叶器官的N,P,K含量,除茎P含量差异不显著外(P>0.05),其他均差异显著(P<0.05);酸枣和新疆桃的根、茎、叶器官N,P,K含量均相对较高,辽宁山楂和胡桃各器官养分含量均相对较低。7个树种的叶N含量平均为28.4mg·g-1,较报道的国内外陆地植物叶片N含量平均水平高,叶P含量平均为2.20mg·g-1,也相对高于国内陆地植物叶片P含量平均水平,近似于全球平均水平;新疆桃和酸枣的养分利用率较低,辽宁山楂和胡桃的养分利用率较高,其他3个树种居中。

Plant functional traits can reflect their adaptability to environment and their ability of utilizing various resources.The major functional traits of 7 wild fruit tree species in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang were measured and analyzed.The functional traits include specific leaf area（SLA）,wood density,thickness of leaf and bark,and the N,P,K contents in roots,leaves and stems.The results showed that Malus sieversii had the lowest wood density among the 7 tree species,while Zizyphus jujuba var.spinosa had the highest wood density and SLA,but the lowest leaf and bark thickness among the 7 tree species.Juglans regia had the smallest SLA,but the highest bark thickness among the 7 tree species.The SLA was significantly and positively correlated with leaf N content（P0.05）.The nutrient contents in leaves,stems and roots were significantly different among the 7 tree species except P in stems.Z.jujuba var.spinosa and Amygdalus ferganensis had higher nutrients contents in the three organs than the other tree species,while J.regia and Crataegus sanguinea were lower nutrients contents in the three organs than the other tree species.The average leaf nitrogen content of the 7 tree species was 28.4 mg·g-1,which was higher than the average value for terrestrial plants worldwide.The average leaf phosphorus content of the 7 tree species was 2.20 mg·g-1,which was higher than the average value for plants in China,but close to the average value for terrestrial plants worldwide.The studied wild fruit tree species could be categorized into three types according to their nutrients utilization efficiencies：（1） low efficiency type：A.ferganensis and Z.jujube var.spinosa;（2） middle efficiency type：M.sieversii,Prunus divaricata and Armenioca vulgaris;（3） high efficiency type：J.regia and C.sanguinea.