用带电摆球在磁场中的运动模拟傅科摆

Simulating the Foucault pendulum by movement of the charged pendulum ball in magnetic field

在傅科摆实验中,因为科里奥利力引起的摆平面的旋转周期远大于摆的摆动周期,所以选用很重的摆锤以及很长的悬线,以便于观察到摆平面的旋转,在实验室中可以引入一磁场,它对带电摆球的洛伦兹力可以使摆平面发生旋转,且引起的摆平面的旋转周期并不远大于摆的摆动周期,从而可以用一个短的带电摆球在短时间内去模拟出傅科摆.本文首先进行理论分析,然后用MATLAB模拟带电摆球的运动,来说明为何能用带电摆球在磁场中的运动来模拟傅科摆.

In the Foucault pendulum experiment,a heavier pendulum and a longer cycloid are used to ensure that the spin of its swing plane can be watched,because the period of the spin of the swing plane caused by the Coriolis force is far more than the swing period of the pendulum.In the laboratory,a magnetic field can be introduced to give the charged pendulum a Lorentz force which can cause the spin of the swing plane.The period of the spin of the swing plane caused by the Lorentz force is not far more than the swing period of the pendulum.Therefore,a short charged pendulum can be used to simulate the movement of the Foucault pendulum for a short time in the laboratory.The paper begins with theoretical analysis,then,uses MATLAB to simulate the movement of the charged pendulum to account for why it is possible to use the movement of a short charged pendulum in a magnetic field to simulate the Foucault pendulum.