1908年:中国20世纪文学理论格局的初步形成

1908:the Basic Formation of the Pattern about China's 20th Century Literary Theory

从1904年6月开始,王国维向中国学界介绍了叔本华、尼采等人的哲学、美学思想,1908年12月,他提出境界说,整合了康德、席勒等人的德国古典美学思想,向中国学界介绍了极端的和拘谨的两种浪漫主义文学。1908年,鲁迅向中国学界介绍了以拜伦为代表的奔放的浪漫主义和以施蒂纳、尼采等人为代表的极端的浪漫主义。同年,周作人向中国学界介绍了赫尔德的文学思想和欧美的新古典主义思想。之所以每一个人介绍的思想不同,是因为他们接触了大量的西方思想资源并经过有意识地比较选择。可以说,通过这短短的4年时间,他们使我国文学理论界获得了自1750年至20世纪初的西方重要的文学理论思想,从而奠定了20世纪中国文学理论的基本格局,这也是对中国传统诗学思想的否定或者重新阐释的源头。

June 1904, Wang Guo-wei introduced to China the aesthetics of Schopenhauer, Nietzsche etc. From De cember 1908, Wang Guo-wei began to publish his ＂ren jian ci hua＂ and proposed jingjie that combines Kant, Schiller and others＇ German classical aesthetics. Thus Wang Guo-wei introduced the extreme romanticism and the restrained ones to China. In 1908, Lu Xun introduced to China the unrestrained romanticism what Byron repre- sented and the extreme ones by Stirner and Nietzsche. In the same year, Zhou Zuo-ren introduced Herder＇s liter- ary thought and Neo-classicalicism. They described different ways of thinking because they got a lot of Western thought and chose with their purposes. Because the three scholars recommended the West＇s literary theory since 1750 to the early 20th century in four years, the basic pattern of Chinese literary theory in the 20th century was established, and the traditional Chinese literary theory was started to re-interpret or to refuse.