《西游记》中的魔幻现实主义特色发微——以第六回的文本细读为例

Probe into the Magic Realistic Features in The Journey to the West:With Close Reading of Chapter Six as Case Study

与拉美的魔幻现实主义将印第安原住民的神奇体验形象化类似,《西游记》第六回文本真实再现了明朝中后期社会的物质性现实和精神生活。与魔幻现实主义忠实记录印第安神话传说和土著传统观念的奇异、神秘、怪诞的形象思维不同,《西游记》并没有简单记录被当时僵化的正统思想浸润过的民俗传说,而是将故弄玄虚的神奇事件和模糊呆板的神话形象根据凡俗的市民生活习俗作戏剧化处理,从而获得一种戏说民俗现实和传说的效果。这是一种将神魔传说戏剧化、凡俗化的风格,其调侃和戏谑口吻体现了明朝中后期市民阶层追求正常"人欲"的思潮对正统的理性"禁欲"思想的渗入性解构。

Similar to the magic realism rampant in Latin America, and emphasizing on the visualization of the Indian＇s magic thoughts, the text in the Sixth chapter of a Journey to the West reflects truly the reality of the later Ming Dynasty where was filled colorfully with superstitions, legends, and religion folks. The true and false ima- ges in the book miniature the experiential and material reality alike at that time. Contrast to the loyal recording of the Indian＇s thought in image, the text in the Sixth chapter dramatizes the mystifying events and the obscure leg- end figures according to the ordinary routine and custom at that time to dramatize both the reality and folks, in- stead of retelling the folk story which is fossilized by the orthodoxy. It is of dramatization and secularization. Its ridicule and scoff reflect the pursuit of desire by the citizen level in the later Ming Dynasty＇s penetrating decon- struction of the orthodoxy of sensual passion suppression.