从汉语时间感知方式看“在”与“着”的语义差别

Research on the Semantic Difference between "Zai" and "Zhe" from the TPM in Chinese

操汉语者的时间感知模式是:我们自己随着时间流在不断延伸,公元纪年是我们延伸的参照,将其看作时间轴。说话人占据的时间———说话时是不断延伸变化的,时间副词"在+VP"表示的是说话时或者句中时间词语所表时间在VP占据的时间段中。说话时的不断延伸使得"在VP"具有持续性。"V着"只表示V的持续,不与说话时发生关系,难以完成交际任务,所以不能独立成句。

The time perception mode of Chinese speakers is as following： we ourselves stretch continuously as time goes by,and the Christian era is the reference of the stretch, which we take as the time axis. We define the time taken by speakers as speech time and the speech time is changing continuously. The adverb of time ＂zai ＋ vp＂ indicates that in the time span taken by ＂vp＂,the speech time or the time showed by the timewords in the sentence is stretching continuously so that the time adverb ＂zai ＋ vp＂ has the nature of continuity. The phrase ＂v ＋zhe＂ only shows the continuity of the verb,and it has no relationship with the speech time so that this phrase has difficulties in accomplishing communication,which determines that it cannot be used as an independent sentence. The existential sentence formed by ＂v ＋zhe＂ and the subject of ＂v ＋zhe＂,along with the sentence describing present views,can be used as an independent sentence because the context is related to the speech time.