日本促进高等教育均衡发展的价值取向和路径选择

Value Orientation and Path Choosing in Promoting Balanced Development of Higher Education in Japan

对于高等教育是否需要均衡发展,学术界有不同的看法。考察日本高等教育发展轨迹,我们认为,日本高等教育的发展实践,是在关注和实现教育机会均等尤其是高等教育入学机会均等的前提下,逐步促进均衡发展的。在教育机会均等、为经济发展服务、高等教育大众化、终身学习理念等价值观的指导下,通过促进体系均衡、大学分散化政策、大学扩张政策、大学抑制政策、高等教育计划、建立闪耀着个性光辉的大学等多种途径不断选择和调整高等教育政策,努力消除差别。从战后的改造高等教育体系到自由放任发展再到通过计划调控促进高等教育均衡发展,体现了日本对高等教育发展路径的主动选择。

There are various perspectives on the necessity of balanced development of higher education. Japan has gradualy achieved the balance on the basis of focusing on and providing equal opportunities in education, especially in higher education entrance. Aiming at eliminating the gap and guided by values as equal opportunities in education, serving economy, mass higher education and lifelong learning, Japanese policy on higher education has been revised and readjusted through improving balanced system, decentralizing distribution of universities, enlarging the number and scale, restraining private universities, implementing higher education program and establishing universities with specific features. Higher education in Japan has experienced system reconstructing ,free development, and practicing of regulating policies and education plans successively after World War II, which indicate theinitiative in choosing its pathway of higher education