苜蓿种植年限对土壤养分及后作玉米产量的影响

The Influence of Alfalfa's Planted Years on Soil Nutrients and the Yield of Subsequent Maize

为了揭示不同株龄苜蓿后茬土壤养分的时空变化和对后作玉米的增产效应,以毗邻种植的4龄、5龄和7龄紫花苜蓿地(2009年秋季统一翻耕灭茬,2010年春季按同一模式种植玉米)为试验对象,研究苜蓿不同种植年限对土壤养分及后作玉米产量的影响。结果表明,随前茬苜蓿种植年限的增加,后作玉米地土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮的含量均呈增加趋势,但不同土层间存在一定的差异;0～20cm土层,土壤速效磷、速效钾含量则随前茬苜蓿种植年限的增加而下降;0～20cm、20～40cm和40～60cm土层,土壤pH均随前茬苜蓿种植年限的增加而降低。玉米产量、有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均随前茬苜蓿种植年限的增加而增加,说明苜蓿种植年限越长,对后作玉米的增产效应越明显。

In order to reveal the influence of alfalfa＇s planted years on the temporal and spatial variation of soil nutrients and the yield of subsequent maize, using adjacent four-year, five-year and seven-year of alfalfa （uniform digged stubble in autumn of 2009 and planted maize in the spring of 2010 by the same method） as the test materials to study the influence of alfalfa＇s planted years on soil nutrients and the yield of subsequent maize. The results showed that： with increasing year of previous crops planted alfalfa, maize made after soil organic matter, total nitrogen and nitrogen content showed an increasing trend, but there was some differences between the soil, in 0-20 cm of soil, available phosphorus, potassium content of alfalfa declined with the increasing year of preceding alfalfa, 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm of soil, pH of soil were declined with increasing years of preceding alfalfa. Maize yield, effective spike, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased with increasing years of preceded alfalfa, indicated that the longer years the alfalfa planting, made the more obvious effects on the subsequent maize.