香蕉枯萎病不同感病级别植株根际与非根际土壤微生物物种多样性研究

Study on the Microbial Species Diversity of Rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere Soils from Different Grades Infected by Banana Fusarium Wilt

为了了解香蕉枯萎病患病蕉园土壤生态系统中的微生物群落特征以及香蕉植株枯萎病感病等级与土壤微生物群落结构的相关性。于2010年采集了海南省的尖峰、冲坡和十月田3个典型香蕉枯萎病患病样地中健康植株和不同感病级别植株根际与非根际土壤样品共30份,采用微生物平板计数法分别研究了3个香蕉枯萎病典型患病样地中的土壤微生物物种多样性。结果表明:同一患病样地根际与非根际土壤中三大类群微生物的数量和种类均从感病级别高、感病级别低到健康植株持续增加,病原菌数量从感病级别高、感病级别低到健康植株持续降低。健康植株和不同感病级别植株根际土壤中的微生物数量均明显高于非根际,体现了根际效应。就细菌和放线菌来看,感病植株的根际效应最明显。

In order to understand the characteristics of microbial communities in the soil ecosystem of banana plantations infected by banana fusarium wilt and the correlation between the infection degrades of banana plants and soil microbial eommunity structure, 30 rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three typical plots （Jianfeng, Shiyuetian, Chongpo） infected by banana fusarium wilt of Hainan Province in 2010. The microbial species diversity of 3 plots infected by banana fusarium wilt was studied using the traditional microbial counting method. The results indicated that： the numbers and species of culturable bacteria, actlnomyces and fungi in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil from different susceptible level plants in same banana plot were lower than healthy plants, declined with increasing of susceptible level of banana plants. The numbers of pathogenic bacteria in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were increased with plant susceptible level increasing in three plots infected by Fusarium wilt of banana. The numbers of cultured microorganism in rhizosphere soil from three different banana plots significantly higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil, which reflected the rhizosphere effect that was the most significant for infected plants forbacteria and actinomycetes.