黄绿木霉T1010防治辣椒根腐病茄镰孢

Biocontrol of Pepper Root Rot Caused by Fusarium solani with Trichoderma aureoviride 1010

为研究黄绿木霉(Trichoderma aureoviride)T1010对辣椒根腐病菌茄镰孢(Fusarium solani)F5的作用,明确菌株T1010防治辣椒根腐病的生防机制。对峙培养法测定T1010对F5的拮抗作用,显微观察拮抗形态,盆栽及日光温室试验测定T1010对F5的抑菌效果。结果表明:T1010生长速度快,2.99天菌丝长满培养皿,F511.41天满皿,T1010竞争作用抑制F5生长,抑菌率为83.28%;T1010生长于F5菌落上并产孢,覆盖率为95.67%。盆栽试验T1010+F5处理组,土壤中T1010群体数量为6.285×105cfu/g,F5为0,辣椒根、茎内无T1010和F5;F5处理组,土壤中F5种群数量为6.385×104cfu/g,辣椒根、茎内有大量F5。T1010+F5处理组辣椒出苗率高、发病率低、辣椒株高、根长分别是F5处理组的1.81倍、4.38倍;日光温室小区试验,与多菌灵处理组比较,土壤撒播T1010制剂的辣椒感病指数大大降低(只有2.61),辣椒侧根数大幅度提高,是多菌灵处理的1.75倍,产量提高了24.61%。黄绿木霉T1010拥有多种生防作用,150kg/hm2在日光温室防治辣椒根腐病应用效果显著,可在生产上推广。

Antagonism of Triehoderma aureoviride strain T1010 against Fusarium solani strain F5 was assessed and its effect was analyzed. Antagonistic action of strain TIO10 against strain F5 was determined by dual culture assay, meanwhile interactions between strain T1010 and F5 was observed through microscopy. Strain T1010 controlled strain F5 and reduced pepper root rot was investigated in pot tests and solar-greenhouse trails. The results showed that： strain T1010 grew quickly and covered whole dish in 2.99 days, meanwhile strain F5 needed 11.41 days. Strain T1010 competed against F5 in the same dish, and the inhibition rate was 83.28%. Tropic growth of strain T1010 hyphae dissolved F5＇ cells, and T1010＇ coverage rate was 95.67%. In the greenhouse, there was little population of F5, meanwhile the population of T1010 was 6.285 x 105 efu/g of soil mixed with T1010＋F5. There was little population of T1010 and F5 into pepper stem and root. However, the population of F5 was 6.385~ 104 efu/g of soil without T1010 treatment. There were a lot of F5 hyphae in the stem and root of pepper. The powder formulation of T1010 was applied into soil in pot trail, compared with thecontrol, the rate of germination increased, the infected plant reduced, pepper height and root length increased by 1.81 times, 4.38 times. The powder formulation of T1010 was applied by broadcast in the solar-greenhouse, pepper lateral root was increased. Pepper disease infecting index decreased up to 2.61, production increased 24.61% compared with carbendazim treatment. Strain T1010 possesses multiple mechanisms of antifungal activity. The study proposed that 150 kg/hm2 T1010 preparation applied was the best for biocontrol pepper root rot in solar-greenhouse and should be popularized.