北京松山自然保护区外来入侵植物研究

The Research of Alien Invasive Plant in Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve

为了对松山地区外来植物进行长期有效的监测和管理,防止其对当地的自然生态系统造成破坏,对松山国家级自然保护区的植物进行了详细的样方调查,并对保护区外来入侵植物的分布和相对盖度进行分析。结果表明:松山自然保护区共发现外来植物入侵植物23种,隶属于12科17属,其中大麻(Cannabis sativa)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)、洋槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、荷包豆(Phaseolus coccineus)等较为常见,影响外来植物入侵的主要因素是道路修建和坡向。该区域的外来物种的各种群规模不大,且多集中在人为活动较为频繁的实验区,对保护区内重点保护的天然次生油松林以及落叶阔叶次生林的生态系统并不存在特别大的威胁。

In order to establish a long-term monitoring mechanism of exotic plants in Songshan Nature Reserve,the author conducted this study,through the survey and the analysis of distribution and relative coverage of alien invasive plants in Songshan Nature Reserve,the results showed that 23 species of alien invasive plants were found,belonging to 12 families and 17 generas.Among them marijuana（Cannabis sativa）,redroot amaranth（Amaranthus retroflexus）,day lily（Hemerocallis fulva）,acacia（Robinia pseudoacacia） and scarlet runner bean（Phaseolus coccineus） were more common.The road construction was the first factor,which influenced and promoted the distribution of alien plants.The next factor was the aspect.Research showed that the alien species population scale was not big and the adverse impact on the local ecological system was not obvious.