聚氨酯微胶囊型丁香油抗菌剂的制备及表征

Preparation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Agent of Clove Oil Microencapsulated by Polyurethane

针对传统皮革抗菌剂毒性大、抗菌持久性差等缺点,本文选择具有良好抗菌性能的丁香油作为芯材,以聚氨酯为壁材,采用界面聚合法制备出具有无毒、高效、广谱和缓释性能的微胶囊型皮革抗菌剂。首先,考察了分散剂海藻酸钠(SA)和催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)的用量对微胶囊乳液粒径和分散性的影响,然后,采用激光粒度Zeta电位仪、微生物显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、热重和差示扫描量热仪等对产品的粒径、分散性、形貌、组分和热稳定性等性能进行了表征。结果表明,SA和DBTDL的最佳用量分别为0.15%和0.075%,此时,所得微胶囊乳液的稳定性最好,微胶囊呈球形,粒径在1μm左右,包裹后的丁香油热稳定性能明显提高,且其主要成分在微胶囊化后没有明显变化。此外,抗菌测试结果表明,微胶囊型丁香油抗菌剂对青霉、黑曲霉、粘性红圆酵母菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度均小于0.1%。该产品在用于制备持久抗菌皮革方面具有一定的应用前景。

To obtain a new leather antimicrobial agent with the properties of non - toxicity, high - efficiency, broad - spectrum and controlled - release, the microcapsule of clove oil was prepared and optimized by the interfacial polymerization method with polyurethane as the wall material, and the laser particle and zeta potential analyzer, microbioscope, SEM, GC - MS, DSC and TG were used to characterize its shape, size, dispersity, components and stability. Results show that the proper dosages of dispersant （sodium alginate） and catalyst （dibutyhin dilaurate） are 0.15% and 0. 075% respectively, and the obtained emulsion is stable; its microcapsule particles assume the spherical shape with average size of 1 Ixm or so ; the main contents of clove oil have no obvious change after microencapsulation; but its heat stability has greatly improved. Furthermore, results of antimicrobial tests reveal that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the product against the tested Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are less than 0. 1%, which indicates its favorable application potential in the field of antimicrobial leather.